案例教学模式探究

案例教学是一种有效结合理论教学与实践教学的教学方法,是现代高校教育中不可缺少的教学方法。本文介绍了案例教学的特征、案例教学过程中教师的教学方法和注意事项、学生的学习方式、以及实施案例教学的优势,对案例教学的具体实施提出了实效性的方案。     

一种用于增强广播式自动相关监视的多数据链桥接方法

多种数据链并存是广播式自动相关监视发展所面临的一个现实问题。由于存在三种不同体制、互不兼容的视距数据链体制,严重影响基于航空器之间的空空监视效果,制约飞行流量和飞行安全保障能力的提高。提出的通过在不同体制数据链地面收发信机之间进行桥接的方法,将一个数据链网内的广播信息直接接续到另一个数据链网络,进行二次广播,可以实现不同数据链之间广播信息的直接接收,增强这种自动相关监视的空空监视效果。     

New insights into SNR evolution revealed by the discovery of recombining plasmas

We report the discovery of recombining plasmas in three supernova remnants (SNRs) with the Suzaku X-ray astronomy satellite. During SNR’s evolution, the expanding supernova ejecta and the ambient matter are compressed and heated by the reverse and forward shocks to form an X-ray emitting hot plasma. Since ionization proceeds slowly compared to shock heating, most young or middle-aged SNRs have ionizing (underionized) plasmas. Owing to high sensitivity of Suzaku, however, we have detected radiative recombination continua (RRCs) from the SNRs IC 443, W49B, and G359.1–0.5. The presence of the strong RRC is the definitive evidence that the plasma is recombining (overionized). As a possible origin of the overionization, an interaction between the ejecta and dense circumstellar matter is proposed; the highly ionized gas was made at the initial phase of the SNR evolution in dense regions, and subsequent rapid adiabatic expansion caused sudden cooling of the electrons. The analysis on the full X-ray band spectrum of IC 443, which is newly presented in this paper, provides a consistent picture with this scenario. We also comment on the implications from the fact that all the SNRs having recombining plasmas are correlated with the mixed-morphology class.     

Variable stiffness design of redundantly actuated planar rotational parallel mechanisms

Redundantly actuated planar rotational parallel mechanisms (RAPRPMs) adapt to the requirements of robots under different working conditions by changing the antagonistic internal force to tune their stiffness. The geometrical parameters of the mechanism impact the performances of modulating stiffness. Analytical expressions relating stiffness and geometrical parameters of the mechanism were formulated to obtain the necessary conditions of variable stiffness. A novel method of variable stiffness design was presented to optimize the geometrical parameters of the mechanism. The stiffness variation with the internal force was maximized. The dynamic change of stiffness with the dynamic location of the mechanism was minimized, and the robustness of stiff-ness during the motion of the mechanism was ensured. This new approach to variable stiffness design can enable off-line planning of the internal force to avoid the difficulties of on-line control of the internal force.     

模型旋翼风洞试验中变距拉杆载荷的测量

桨叶变距拉杆操纵载荷是旋翼设计的重要参数之一。在参考了常规飞机模型风洞试验测力元件及国外测量方法的基础上,研制了具有足够刚度和强度,且有较高载荷灵敏度的新式变距拉杆测力元件,解决了高刚度与高的载荷灵敏度要求这一矛盾。同时采用了信号放大技术,将其成功地应用于旋翼模型试验,并获得了操纵载荷这一重要参数     

航天器产品数字化制造的实践与思考

从航天器产品研制现状和需求出发,探讨了数字化制造的内涵,提出了航天器产品数字化制造的总体思路,并对关键环节包括信息流打通、过程管控与闭环、条件保障三个方面,进行了深入分析,最后结合当前航天器产品数字化制造工程化应用推进过程中面临的问题提出了建议,如建立配套管理机制和规范体系并有效落实、关注信息流打通和闭环管控等。     

国外军用直升机航空电子的更新换代

介绍了美军军用直升机装备的发展趋势,并着重从航空电子系统结构、座舱设计、机载数据通信网络和机外通信数据链等方面探讨了国外军用直升机的最新进展,以期对未来军用直升机航电的发展方向有进一步的了解。     

CCSDS空间链路层协议识别技术研究

针对空间链路层通信协议在合作目标和非合作目标两种背景下的应用情况,提出一种适合于CCSDS协议识别的方法。详细分析了协议识别技术的实际研究现状,介绍了CCSDS协议特征提取方法和特征模型建立算法,并利用多类型仿真数据和实际航天任务数据为样本检验了算法可行性,得出了误码率对识别效果的影响关系。研究成果对空间信息对抗中的协议识别技术研究具有借鉴意义。     

The beginning of cosmic ray astrophysics

A short history of the beginning of cosmic ray (CR) astrophysics is considered: from the hypothesis on CR origin as a result of Supernova explosions in the Metagalaxy, to a model of solar origin of CR, galactic origin based on the stochastic mechanism of charged particle acceleration in interstellar space, to extragalactic and hierarchical models of CR origin, as well as galactic CR origin taking into account radio-astronomical data. We consider also the first balloon results on the chemical contents of primary CR (especially of the contents Li, Be, B), important for any model of CR origin. Investigations of the injection problem, CR drift and diffusion acceleration by shock waves, and CR generation in Supernova remnants were also important steps in the beginning of CR astrophysics.     

带弹性元件扑翼机构的动力学分析及实验

为研究扑翼飞行器传动机构的能量特性，以特拉华大学机械系统实验室所研制样机为原型进行了建模。引入气动项和拉力弹簧建立了完整的动力学模型。分析发现，气动项的力矩峰值为惯性项的4.8倍，对电机的转矩峰值的影响起主要作用。运用正交法进行仿真发现，引入拉力弹簧可以使电机转矩峰值最大降低77.5%，与理论分析相符合。进一步的物理实验验证了理论分析和仿真结果的正确性，并得到了当弹簧的连接点位置为185 mm、原长为200 mm及刚度为0.1 N/mm时实验结果取得最优值，可为扑翼机传动机构的优化设计提供依据。此外，引入弹性元件也可有效降低电机的转速波动，进而为仿生扑翼飞行器的生产和实践应用提供理论指导。